Groundwater Online Monitoring System Engineering Solution: Real-time Water Level, pH, EC, Temperature Monitoring

YEX Intelligent Groundwater Monitoring System: Water Level / pH / Conductivity / Temperature – Industrial-grade RTU + Cloud Platform – Pollution Diffusion Prevention and Water Resource Management

I. Industry Pain Points + Solutions (In-depth Version)

1. Core Industry Problems (Beyond “Sampling Lag”)

Groundwater monitoring has long suffered from the following systemic issues:

Time Blind Spots: Manual sampling frequency is usually once per quarter. Pollution leakage can reach downstream monitoring wells within 2 hours, but the next sampling is 3 months later, by which time the pollution has spread to an uncontrollable range.
Spatial Blind Spots: One monitoring well represents one point, but hydrogeology has strong anisotropy. Traditional solutions struggle to form effective spatial interpolation warnings.
Unauditable Data: Paper or Excel records are easily questioned. During environmental inspections, continuous and tamper-proof original time series cannot be provided.
Multi-parameter Disconnection: A pH drop alone may not be an issue, but pH drop + EC rise + sudden water level drop almost 100% corresponds to pollution intrusion. Traditional methods cannot perform real-time multi-parameter logic judgment.
Sensor Failure in Harsh Environments: High mineralization, biofilm, sulfides, and negative pressure in groundwater cause ordinary sensors to last less than 3 months.

2. Why Online Monitoring is Essential?

From an environmental engineering perspective, mandatory reasons include:

Regulatory pressure: HJ 164-2020, GB/T 14848, and EPA groundwater monitoring standards have clearly recommended or required online monitoring for key pollution sources.
Liability division: In case of pollution, online data is the only legally effective “timestamp evidence”.
Remediation cost: Groundwater remediation costs are approximately 300–1000 times that of online monitoring systems. A 24-hour early warning can save millions.

3. What Does Our System Specifically Solve?

Problem	Solution	Quantitative Effect
Slow pollution detection	5–60 minutes collection interval	Response time from 30 days → 1 hour
Unreliable data	RTU local encrypted storage + cloud platform tamper-proof	Exportable for environmental audits
Frequent false alarms	Multi-parameter linkage + rate change alarm	False alarm rate reduced by 80%
Remote areas without power or network	LoRa + solar + 4G dual channel	Covers any monitoring well
Non-durable sensors	YEX anti-fouling electrodes + optional automatic cleaning	Lifespan ≥ 2 years

II. Groundwater Online Monitoring System Engineering Solution Application Scenarios

Scenario	Core Risk	Key Monitoring Parameters	Recommended Transmission
Landfill	Leachate infiltration	pH, EC, Water Level	4G + Solar
Chemical Plant Boundary	pH anomaly associated with VOCs	pH, EC, Temperature	4G (Real-time)
Coastal Areas	Seawater intrusion	EC (most important), Water Level	LoRa + 4G
Agricultural Areas	Nitrate/TDS accumulation	EC	LoRa (Low cost)
Water Source Intake Wells	Water level drop, pollution intrusion	Water Level, pH, EC	4G + Dual Power
Mine/Tailings Pond	Acid mine drainage (AMD)	pH, EC	4G
Groundwater Remediation Sites	Remediation effectiveness evaluation	pH, EC, Water Level, DO	4G + RTU Edge Computing

III. Groundwater Online Monitoring System Engineering Solution Components

3.1 Sensor Layer

YEX-S1-EC Conductivity Sensor
Principle: Four-electrode method, anti-polarization, suitable for highly polluted water bodies
Range: 0–200,000 µS/cm (covers freshwater → seawater → leachate)
Output: RS485 Modbus RTU / 4–20mA
Protection: IP68, pressure resistant to 1MPa (100m water depth)
YEX-S1-PH pH Sensor
Principle: Glass electrode method
Range: 0–14 pH
Accuracy: ±0.1 pH (with automatic temperature compensation)
Optional: Electrode cleaning (ultrasonic/brush)
Water Level Sensor
Principle: Silicon piezoresistive + vented cable (automatic atmospheric compensation)
Range: 5m / 10m / 20m / 50m / 100m
Accuracy: ±0.05% FS
Long-term stability: ±0.1% FS / year
Temperature Sensor
Integrated in sensors or independent PT1000

3.2 Data Acquisition Terminal RTU (Core Differentiation)

Channels: 8 sensor channels (expandable to 32)
Protocol: Modbus RTU / 4–20mA adaptive
Storage: 16MB (>1 million records)
Edge computing, 120-day offline cache, ultra-low power consumption

3.3 Wireless Transmission

Method	Suitable Scene	Power	Distance	Real-time
4G	Areas with signal	Medium	Nationwide	Second-level
LoRaWAN	No signal, deep wells	Extremely low	2–5km	Minute-level
Beidou Short Message	Unmanned areas, no public network	High	Global	Minute-level

3.4 Cloud Platform (Groundwater Dedicated)

GIS map + curves + multi-parameter dashboard, three-level alarm, trend analysis, compliance reports, MQTT/HTTP API

IV. Monitoring Parameters & Sensor Specifications

Parameter	Sensor Model	Principle	Range	Accuracy	Response Time
Water Level	YEX-L200	Silicon piezoresistive	0–50m	±0.05% FS	<10ms
pH	YEX-S1-PH	Glass electrode	0–14	±0.1 pH	<5s
Conductivity	YEX-S1-EC	Four-electrode	0–200k µS/cm	±1% FS	<3s
Turbidity (Optional)	YEX-S1-ZS	90° scattering	0–4000 NTU	±5%	<3s
DO (Optional)	YEX-S1-RDO	Fluorescence	0–20 mg/L	±0.2 mg/L	<10s

V. System Architecture

Groundwater Online Monitoring System

[Cloud Platform] YEX-Cloud-BASIC Groundwater Cloud Platform (Mobile App / PC Dashboard)

↑ (4G Wireless Transmission) ↓

[Acquisition Terminal] YEX-RTU-200 Industrial-grade Data Acquisition Telemetering Terminal

↑ (Power Supply) | (RS485 Signal) ↓

YEX-Solar60 Solar Power System + Wellhead Protection Box

↓ (Vented Cable)

[Downhole Sensing] Water Level (YEX-L200), pH (YEX-S1-PH), Conductivity (YEX-S1-EC), Temperature (Built-in PT1000)

VII. Project Value

Dimension	Value Description
Environmental Safety	Pollution capture time from months → hours, avoiding remediation costs of millions
Compliance	Meets HJ 164-2020 and key pollutant discharge unit automatic monitoring requirements
Operational Efficiency	1 person manages 50 wells, labor cost reduced by 90%
Data Assets	Long-term continuous data supports groundwater model calibration and early warning threshold optimization

VIII. Recommended Product List

Model	Name	Remark
YEX-S1-PH	pH Sensor	Double salt bridge, anti-fouling
YEX-S1-EC	EC / TDS Sensor	Four-electrode, 200k range
YEX-L200	Water Level Sensor	0.05% accuracy, vented cable
YEX-RTU-200	Telemetering Terminal	4G, edge computing
YEX-Solar60	Solar Power System	60W + 40Ah
YEX-Cloud-BASIC	Groundwater Cloud Platform	5-year data storage + API

IX. Project Cases

Case 1: Hazardous Waste Landfill in East China (12 monitoring wells)
Target: Leachate leakage early warning
Configuration: pH + EC + Water Level, 4G + Solar
Result: After 14 months of operation, successfully warned of geomembrane damage precursor (EC rise 40%), 72 hours in advance.

Case 2: Seawater Intrusion Monitoring Network in a Northern Coastal City (35 wells)
Target: Saline-freshwater interface dynamic monitoring
Configuration: EC + Water Level, LoRa + 4G dual mode
Result: First quarterly saline wedge advancement map drawn, adjusted water intake plan, delayed intrusion by 3 years.

Case 3: Groundwater Risk Early Warning System in a Chemical Industrial Park (28 wells)
Target: Rapid traceability in accident state
Configuration: pH / EC / Temperature / Water Level + multi-parameter linkage alarm
Result: 2 abnormal alarms matched production anomalies, avoiding environmental penalties of approximately 2 million RMB.

FAQ

Q1: What to do about biological fouling of sensors in groundwater?
Answer: EC uses four-electrode with strong anti-fouling; pH optional ultrasonic or chemical cleaning kit.

Q2: Is water level measurement affected by atmospheric pressure changes?
Answer: We use vented cable water level gauges for automatic barometric compensation, accuracy is not affected.

Q3: Will data be lost if 4G is disconnected?
Answer: No. RTU stores 1 million records locally and automatically retransmits with timestamps after recovery.

Q4: Why is pH electrode life shorter than in laboratory?
Answer: Groundwater contains sulfides, grease, and biofilm. YEX uses double salt bridge + PTFE diaphragm, typical life 18–24 months.

Q5: Can it connect to existing SCADA or environmental bureau platforms?
Answer: Supports MQTT, Modbus TCP, OPC UA, HTTP API.

Q6: What is the maximum number of sensors per system?
Answer: Single RTU supports 8 channels, expandable to 32 channels.

Q7: Can sensor signals from deep wells (>50m) be transmitted?
Answer: RS485 up to 1200 meters, 100m deep wells are no problem; relays can be added.

Q8: What is the approximate annual maintenance cost?
Answer: Mainly pH electrode replacement (every 1.5–2 years) and on-site cleaning, annual cost about 5–10% of equipment price.

Q9: Do you provide on-site installation and training?
Answer: Yes, we can provide installation, commissioning, sensor calibration, platform training, and support environmental acceptance.

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Email: sales@yexsensor.com

Website: www.yexsensor.com

> 10 Years Water Quality Monitoring Experience | 500+ Groundwater Stations | Support Environmental Acceptance

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